Measurement technology from Axetris could help create engine systems powered by ammonia in future. Such systems can also be installed in existing vehicles. This could significantly accelerate the switch to carbon-free or low-carbon fuels alternatives, whether for cars or freight shipping. According to a report from Axetris, a huge benefit compared to hydrogen - and thus hydrogen drives - is that the transport and storage of ammonia are much easier. Even the energy density is much higher.
The South Korean project AmVeh is researching engine systems with ammonia and is using laser gas detection (LGD) modules from Axetris in its work. AmVeh develops vehicle engines that use ammonia as a direct fuel. The combustion process must be precisely controlled, as otherwise unburned ammonia could enter the exhaust gas stream. Ammonia is considered a major driver of particulate matter and so represents a burden on air quality, especially in densely populated cities.
This is where the LGD devices come into play, which are made by the manufacturer of components and modules for gas sensing, gas flow and gas control based in Sarnen. “We can selectively and sensitively measure ammonia in hydrogen and in high humidity,” explained the Global Sales Manager of Axetris, Martin Endras. Axetris modules also played a significant role during the AmVeh project in the gas analysis system from Kinsco Technology in South Korea. They work with tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy.
The AmVeh prototype vehicle uses a fuel ratio of 70 percent ammonia to 30 percent petrol to power a spark ignition engine. As ammonia contains no carbon, this fuel ratio results in a corresponding 70 percent reduction in carbon dioxide emissions compared to pure petrol. This engine system could be installed in conventional vehicles. The project team has further optimized the fuel system and the exhaust after-treatment with Axetris LGD devices and is now working to develop an engine system that runs on ammonia alone. The emissions from this carbon-free vehicle would be pure water and nitrogen.
